森林生态功能是指森林生态系统及其生态过程所形成的有利于人类生存与发展的生态环境条件与效用。基于 GIS 软件数据编辑、分析和制图功能，通过反映森林生物量、生物多样性和森林结构的有关特征因子，针对2012年大兴安岭盘古林场森林资源二类调查数据，按各评价指标的相对重要性来综合评定大兴安岭森林生态功能等级。结果表明：（1）大兴安岭盘古林场森林生态功能指数为0.5997，其中生态功能等级为优的林分仅占7.26%，中等林分占92.74%，该地区森林生态功能整体处于中等等级；（2）从森林类型的角度分析，各林型生态功能指数排序依次为：针阔混交林（0.6289）＞阔叶混交林（0.6135）＞针叶相对纯林（0.6024）＞针叶混交林（0.5882）＞阔叶相对纯林（0.5747）＞针叶纯林（0.5525）＞阔叶纯林（0.5435）；（3）从龄组的角度分析，近熟林（0.6024）和过熟林（0.6024）生态功能指数较大，成熟林（0.5988）和中龄林（0.5988）次之，幼龄林（0.5882）最小；（4）从优势树种的角度分析，云杉（0.6135）＞山杨（0.6061）＞落叶松（0.5988）＝樟子松（0.5988）＝白桦（0.5988）＞杨树（0.5952）＝柳树（0.5952）；（5）从河流的影响角度分析，距离越小，小班受到河流的影响越大，小班的生态功能越好；（6）从道路的影响角度分析：距离越小，小班受到道路的影响越大，小班的生态功能越差。研究结果可为该地区森林资源的合理分配、森林健康经营、森林内部价值外部化、林业补偿提供理论依据和技术支持。%Forest ecological function refers to the formation of forest ecosystem and its ecological processes is conducive to ecological environmental conditions and effectiveness for the survival and development of human. Based on the GIS software functions of data editing, analysis and mapping, using forest inventory data of Greater Khingan Mountains Range Pangu forest farm in 2012 to comprehensive evaluate Greater Khingan Mountains forest ecological function according to the relative importance of the factors which reflect forest biomass, biodiversity andforeststructure.The results showed that: (1) Greater Khingan Range forest Pangu area ecological function index was 0.599 7, ecological function class for excellent stand only accounted for 7.26%, moderate stand 92.74%, forest ecological function in the region as a whole was in the medium level; (2) the analysis from the forest type point, sort of contribution degree of each forest type on the regional ecological function was as follows: the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest (0.628 9) >broad-leaved mixed forest (0.613 5) > coniferous relatively pure forest (0.602 4) > mixed coniferous forest (0.588 2) > broad-leaved relatively pure forest (0.574 7) > pure coniferous forest (0.552 5) > broad-leaved forests (0.543 5); (3) the analysis from the age group, the ecological function index of near mature forest (0.602 4) and mature forest (0.602 4) is largest, the mature forest (0.598 8) and middle age forest (0.598 8) take the second place, young forest (0.588 2)is minimum;(4) the analysis from the perspective of dominant tree species, Picea (0.613 5) >Populusdavidiana (0.606 1) > Larch (0.598 8) = Pinussylvestris (0.598 8) = birch (0.598 8) > poplar (0.595 2)= willow (0.595 2); (5) from the perspective of river influence, the smaller the distance, the greater the effect of subcompartment by theriver, the ecological function of subcompartment is better; (6) from the perspective of the road, the smaller the distance, the greater the effect of subcompartment by the river, the ecological function of subcompartment is worse.The research results can be used for rational allocation of forest resources, forest health management, the internal value of forest environment, forestry compensation in the area to provide a theoretical basis and technical support.
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