城市公园防灾减灾功能改造研究--以东山岛虎山公园为例

摘要

防灾公园是城市防灾减灾体系重要组成部分，功能完善的防灾公园对城市安全的保护具有重要意义。针对我国小城市、沿海地震频发地区城市公园的现状，进行了的防灾减灾功能改造研究。以福建省东山岛虎山公园为例，在调查分析其自然环境(地质条件，高程和坡度)的基础上，对其人工环境作了分析，对其安全条件作了评估。采用GIS地理分析技术，从场所、通道、设施、植物规划4个方面，进行了防灾减灾功能改造规划。将公园分为文史景观区（28216 m2）、观赏景观区（17292 m2）、保卫战景观区（33836 m2）、防灾科普景观区（11867 m2）、生态防护区（96036 m2）和农家乐休闲（21830 m2）六个景观休闲区；根据平灾转换的原则，对公园进行灾时规划，分出了灾时棚宿区（15500 m2）、灾时车宿区（7113 m2）、物资储存中心（5960 m2）、医疗救护中心（1535 m2）、灾时指挥区（2433 m2）以及疏散通道（2125 m）。规划虎山公园灾时棚宿区面积15500 m2，占城市受灾时防灾规划用地面积47%，可容纳7750人避难。该改造规划完善了虎山公园防灾配套设施和防灾植物搭配，提高了防灾减灾功能，可为相关城市公园防灾改造建设提供参考。%Urban calamity prevention park is one of important parts of urban disaster prevention and mitigation system, a perfect function urban disaster prevention park plays important signiifcance in safeguard of urban safety. In view of the small cities, coastal earthquake-prone areas of the city park and the status quo, the study on remoulding urban park function in disaster prevention and hedge was carried out. By taking Dongshan Island Tiger Hill Park in Fujian province as an example, based on the investigating survey analysis of natural environment conditions (geological conditions, elevation and slope), the artiifcial environments of the park were analyzed and the security conditions of the park was also evaluated. With GIS geographic analysis technology, from four aspects of the place and sites, channel, facilities, and plant planning, the disaster prevention park’s renovation and planning were conducted. The park was divided into six landscape and leisure areas:literary history landscape area (28 216 m2), ornamental landscape area (17 292 m2), combat game landscape area (33 836 m2), disaster prevention popular science landscape area (11 867 m2), ecological protection zone (96 036 m2) and farmhouse leisure zone (21 830 m2). According to the principle of normal times-disaster happen transformation, the park was planed to response to disaster happen, the park was divided into six function zones and parts:shed residential zone when disaster happen (15 500 m2), car residential zone when disaster happen (7 113 m2), material storage center (5 960 m2), Medical rescue center (1 535 m2), command post (2 433 m2) and evacuation routes and channel (2 125 m ). The area of shed residential zone when disaster happen (15 500 m2) accounts for the city’s 47%of disaster planning land area, can accommodates 7750 people asylum. The transformation perfects the disaster prevention facilities and disaster prevention plant collocation, improves the disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities of the park, and so as to provide some references for relevant construction of urban disaster prevention park renovation.