东洞庭湖湿地越冬候鸟与环境因子的关系研究

摘要

环境因子与湿地候鸟之间的关系是湿地候鸟保护的重要信息.以东洞庭湖自然保护区为典型区域,利用相关性分析和冗余分析研究越冬候鸟与环境因子的关系.文中将湿地候鸟分为5类,并选取5种环境因子.结果表明:东洞庭湖冬季湿地候鸟数量呈现波动上升的趋势,可能与东洞庭湖湿地实施的保护措旌,鸟类对栖息地的选择以及适应性有关;东洞庭湖冬季湿地候鸟的多样性指数基本保持不变,可能是不同种类的候鸟有相似的栖息地选择;较高水位和NDVI为湿地候鸟提供适宜的生存环境,并与湿地候鸟数量正相关;较高的气温和日照时数使水温升高,越冬的鱼类数量增多,捕食鱼类的湿地候鸟数量上升;过长的日照时数和过高的气温,影响到植被生长,使取食苔草的湿地候鸟和取食种子的湿地候鸟数量下降.%East Dongting Lake National Natural Reserve was regarded as a typical study area,and wetland migratory birds was divided into five categories,and chose five kinds of environmental factors.Correlation analysis and redundancy analysis were applied to study these relationships.Results indicated that (1) the quantity of wetland migratory birds in east Dongting lake showed an uneven and increasing trend,which might be related to conservation measures executed in east Dongting lake,the habitat selection and adaptability of birds;(2) diversity of wetland migratory birds in East Dongting Lake remained unchanged,might because different kinds of migratory birds have similar habitat selection.(3) relatively high water level and NDVI provided appropriate living environment for wetland migratory birds,and had positive correlation with the quantity of wetland migratory birds;relatively high air temperature and sunshine duration mad water temperature increase,then resulted in the increase of quantity offishes,consequently,the quantity of wetland migratory birds feeding on fishes would increase;But overlong sunshine duration and too high air temperature would influence vegetation growth,thus,that might result in the decrease of the quantity of wetland migratory birds feeding sedges and wetland migratory birds feeding on seeds.