睡眠时间对不同性别学龄儿童学校表现的影响

摘要

目的：了解性别对学龄儿童睡眠时间、学业表现及两者间相关性的影响。方法采用分层整群抽样法，于2009年11~12月抽取上海市10所小学的2249名五年级学生。采用学业成绩表现教师评估问卷了解儿童学业表现（各维度得分越低，学业表现越好），采用儿童个人及家庭社会环境问卷，用于收集基本情况及儿童睡眠时间。使用t检验、多元线性回归分析等对数据进行统计分析。结果调查对象年龄为（10.81±0.38）岁，男生占49.3%。男生的睡眠不足发生率显著高于女生（χ2=7.84， P=0.005）。男生的学业成绩表现教师评估问卷总分及各维度得分均较女生高（t=10.56， P<0.001），即男生的学业成绩表现比女生差。回归分析显示平均睡眠时间对儿童学业表现得分有显著影响（β=-0.08， t =-3.82， P <0.001），而且这种影响在男生中更为显著。结论学龄儿童睡眠不足的问题在男生中更为突出，而男生的学校表现受到睡眠时间短的影响更为明显，故保障男生充足的睡眠可能有助于改善其白天学习能力和学业表现。%Objective To explore gender difference in children’s sleep duration , school performance and the effect of sleep duration on school performance. Methods A total of 2 249 grade-five children were sampled by stratified cluster random sampling from 10 primary schools in Shanghai between November and December 2009. The school achievement questionnaire (teacher version) was applied to evaluate children’s achievement (lower the score better the performance). Family and social environment questionnaire was used to collect socio-economic information and children’s sleep parameters as well. t-test and multivariable linear regression were adopted to compare the sleep duration and academic achievement among children within different gender groups. Results The mean age of the samples was (10.81 ± 0.38) years old with 49.3% being boys. The prevalence of sleep insufficient was higher among boys than girls (χ2= 7.84, P = 0.005) . The total score and subscale scores of the school achievement questionnaire were higher among boys than girls (t=10.56, P<0.001), which meant boys had poorer school performance than girls. The linear regression analysis showed that the adequate sleep duration had an positive role in children’s school performance (β=-0.08, t=-3.82, P<0.001), and in particular more significant in boys. Conclusion Insufficient sleep was more common among boys, while their school performance was more affected by short sleep duration. Therefore, ensuring boys with adequate sleep may help improve their daytime function and school performance.