斯宾塞的“社会进化论”与当代中国的文化发展初探

摘要

19世纪,斯宾塞的＂社会进化论＂思想,将＂进化论＂从生物学领域转移到社会发展领域乃至哲学领域,用自然法则来解释社会规律。21世纪的中国,文化的发展相对于经济的发展是有所滞后的。在世界文化相互冲击相互融合之际,如何保持本国文化的生机与活力,在世界文化大繁荣之际脱颖而出,在某种意义上似乎也是一个＂物竞天择＂的过程。本文试就斯宾塞的＂社会进化论＂与当代中国的文化发展作一初步探讨。%In the 19th century, Spencer＇s ＂Theory of Social Evolution＂ shifted the ＂Theory of Evolution＂ from the field of biology to social development, and even to philosophy, trying to explain the rule of the society with the law of the nature. In the 21st century, China is a little lagged behind compared to economic development. At a time when cultures of the world impact each other and are becoming mixed together, how Chinese culture can maintain vigor and vitality and stand out from the prosperous cultures of the world also seems to be a process of ＂Natural Selection＂ in a sense. This article aims to discuss Spencer＇s ＂Theory of Social Evolution＂ and cultural development of contemporary China.