日本NHK灾难传播的预防文化启示

摘要

按照日本的《灾害对策基本法》,日本NHK（Nippon Hoso Kyokai）即日本广播协会,不仅是日本全国唯一的公共广播电视台,还是指定的国家公共新闻机构。NHK不仅与日本气象厅的灾害监测网连成一体,而且还有自身独立的灾害信息采集系统,能在第一时间向世界公众播报各种灾害信息。日本＂3.11＂复合巨灾中,日本应急决策管理及主要应急力量间协调有效,公众虽有＂核灾＂恐慌,但社会群体秩序井然,表现出特有的巨灾前＂临危不乱＂的综合素质,所有这些均得益于日本NHK灾难传播的科学、合理、及时,都受益于NHK长此以往的安全预防文化的媒体教育。本文特别研究了NHK灾难传播管理对中国传媒界的启示,以及深入开展我国公众安全文化教育的思路。%According to Japanese ＂The Basic Law of Countermeasures for Disaster＂,NHK is not only the exclusive public broadcasting television station in Japan,but also the specified national public news agency.NHK links the JAM′s（Japan Meteorological Agency） disaster monitoring network,meanwhile,it has an independent disaster information collection system,able to broadcast various kinds of disaster information to the world public.During the＂3·11＂ catastrophic crises,both Japan＇s emergency decision-making management and the coordination between the main emergency sections function effectively.In face of public panic about ＂nuclear disaster＂,the society was still in order and unflappable,which resulted from NHK＇s scientific,rational,prompt disaster broadcasting and its constant safety precaution.This article reflects disaster broadcasting management to China′s media community and the ideas about activities for public safety and education.