王通的政治道统论

摘要

王通思想的一个核心是对政治道统的思考。这种思考可以表述为两个问题：政治道统的内涵为何？政治道统的统序为何？王通论南北朝正统回答了第一个问题。南北朝互争正统，皆认为自身保有政治道统。但南朝虽有前代文物典章，但尽失王道，最终不仅失去了正统，也失去了政治道统之所在；北魏虽然是夷狄政权，但因其践行王道，故最终获得了中国正统，并保有了政治道统之内涵。政治道统之承载不在典章文物，不在夷夏之别，而是王道实践。王通论三代两汉之取舍则回答了第二个问题。王通认为二者虽然有高下之区别，但都是王道政治的展现，都是政治道统的组成环节。政治道统的统序非是孤立的三代，而是三代、两汉以及后代王道实践的集合。%The core of Wang Tong’s thought is political orthodoxy, which can be expressed as two questions:What is the connotation of political orthodoxy? What is the order system of political orthodoxy? Wang Tong’s exposition of the Southern and Northern Dynasties orthodoxy gives an answer to the first question while his discussion of the Three Dynasties to the second question. Wang Tong considered them as the presentation of The Kingcraft and an important component of political orthodoxy although he admitted they have some differences. The order system of political orthodoxy includes The Kingcraft of the Three Dynasties, Han Dynasty and the later Dynasties and doesn’t include merely The Kingcraft of the Three Dynasties.