马克思与辩证唯物主义

摘要

Marx’s thoughts have his own distinctive characteristics, which understand uniquely the Material and put an emphasis on the initiative of the Material, although he has the same dialectical-materialist worldview as Engels does. In addition, with emphasizing the people’s creativity instead of objective inevitability of the material world, Marx regards the dialectical materialism as methodology instead of worldview, and as a description of the world's three-dimensional network development instead of an objective law. Both are one-sided to think Marx and Engels opposite or the same. Establishing the macro-historical materialism is Marx’s unique contribution. He showed clearly the path of people’s liberation by people’s labor practices. The dialectical materialism is the overall context of his philosophical thought.%马克思和恩格斯一样有辩证唯物主义世界观，但是他的相关思想具有鲜明特点。最主要的特点是对物质做了独特理解，强调物质的能动性。此外，在马克思那里辩证唯物主义主要不是世界观而是方法论；重要的不是物质世界的客观必然性，而是人的主观能动性；辩证法主要不是客观规律，而是对世界立体网络式发展过程的描述，具有总体性。“马恩对立”说和把他们的哲学思想等同起来，都是片面的。马克思的独特贡献在于建立了大唯物史观，用劳动实践活动揭示了人的解放之路。辩证唯物主义是马克思哲学思想的整体背景。