京郊主要作物生产系统磷素养分平衡评价——以顺义区为例

摘要

[目的]评价北京市顺义区主要作物生产系统的磷素养分平衡状况.[方法]采用农田养分平衡模型,针对北京市顺义区主要作物生产系统(大田作物、果园和露地蔬菜)的磷素养分平衡进行了评价,并分析了农田磷盈余的主要影响因素.[结果]3种作物生产系统内均出现农田磷盈余现象,蔬菜生产系统农田磷盈余量[491.8 kg/(hm2.a)]显著高于大田作物[82.7 kg/( hm2.a)]和果园[129.5kg/(hm2.a)]生产系统农田磷盈余量(P＜0.05),然而后两者之间农田磷盈余量无显著差异(P＞0.05).大田作物和蔬菜生产系统农田磷盈余量分别与化肥和有机肥磷输入量呈极显著正相关关系(r分别为0.987 7、0.970 1),果园生产系统化肥和有机肥磷输入量与农田磷盈余量均呈极显著正相关关系(r分别为0.836 3、0.625 2),但是各系统内作物收获磷养分量与农田磷盈余量不存在显著相关性(P＞0.05).[结论]顺义区蔬菜生产系统磷素污染潜力较大；大田作物和蔬菜生产系统农田磷盈余量分别主要来源于化肥和有机肥的投入,而化肥和有机肥的投入均显著影响果园生产系统农田磷盈余量.%[Objective] The research aimed to evaluate the phosphorus balance condition in the production systems of main crops in Shunyi District of Beijing City. [ Method ] By using the nutrient balance model in the farmland, the phosphorus balance in the production systems ( field crops,orchard and outdoor vegetables) of main crops in Shunyi District of Beijing City was evaluated. Moreover,the main influence element of phosphorus surplus in the farmland was analyzed. [ Result] In the production systems of three crops,the phosphorus surplus phenomenon in the farmland appeared. The phosphorus surplus amount (491. 8 kg/(hm · a) ] of vegetables production system was significantly higher than that of field crops [ 82. 7 kg/( hm2 ·a) ] and orchard [ 129.5 kg/(hm2 · a) ] ,and P ＜0.05. But the phosphorus surplus amount between the latter two had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05). The phosphorus surplus amounts in the production systems of field crops and vegetables presented respectively the extremely significant positive correlation relationship with the phosphorus input amounts of mineral fertilizer and organic fertilizer (r was respectively 0.987 7 and 0.970 1). The phosphorus input amounts of mineral fertilizer and organic fertilizer in the production system of orchard both presented the extremely significant positive correlation relationship with the phosphorus surplus amount in the farmland (r was respectively 0.836 3 and 0.625 2). But the phosphorus amount harvested by crops in every system didn' t have the significant correlation with the phosphorus surplus amount in the farmland (P＞0. 05). [Conclusion] The pollution potential of phosphorus in the production system of vegetables in Shunyi District was big. The phosphorus surplus amounts in the production systems of field crops and vegetables were respectively from the inputs of mineral fertilizer and organic fertilizer. The inputs of mineral fertilizer and organic fertilizer both affected significantly the phosphorus surplus amount in the production system of orchard.