[目的]研究横断山区温度及降雨气候资料的空间信息化.[方法]结合GIS的空间内插及数理统计学理论,对横断山脉我国区域109个稀蔬气象站点10年间平均气温及降雨离散观测数据进行空间预测;在对横断山脉地理位置进行空间范围确定的基础上,以1:100万DEM为数据源,采用趋势面模拟及残差普通Kriging内插订正法得出研究区域的年均温及降水空间连续表面.[结果]利用少数分布不均匀的稀疏气候观测站点值,采用趋势面模拟与残差内插结合方法得到的气候连续空间结果较为科学合理.这种方法能将气温及降雨空间分布情况精确到栅格点,不仅考虑各观测数据间空间关联的宏观地理因子,同时还从生态学的角度考虑了各气侯因子与影响其空间分布的微地形因子,并进一步考虑了一些随机因素带来的气候观测值的误差项;通过对随机误差项采用最为常用的地统计普通Kriging内插,将这种随机误差进行较科学的空间分配,从而提高气候连续表面空间预测的精度;模拟结果基本符合客观规律,可用于该地区气候资料的空间信息化模拟.[结论]该研究为进一步进行横断山区生态及植被研究提供科学的空间基础数据.%[ Objective] The aim was to study the spatial information of temperature and precipitation data in Hengduan mountains area.[ Method ] Considering GIS spatial interpolation and numerical statistics theory, spatial prediction were carried out to the ten years average temperature and precipitation flux observation data in 109 sparse meteorological stations in Hengduan Mountains; Based on the spatial range of geographic position of Hengduan Mountains, and 1:1 million scale DEM as data sources, and using trend surface simulation and residual ordinary Kriging interpolation correction method, the spatial continuous surface for annual average temperature and precipitation were studied.[ Result] It was scientific and reasonable to use certain unevenly distributed sparse climate observation station value, and by dint of trend simulation and residue interpolation method to get climate consecutive spatial result. This method can not only accurate the temperature and precipitation spatial distributions to grid point, but also can reflect its with macro and micro geography factors and topographic influence factor of variation. Furthermore, it can be predicted error term trend surface reasonable spatial distribution. Simulation results were basically in accordance with the objective law, and can be used for the region climate data spatial informatization simulation. [ Conclusion] The study provides scientific spatial basic data for the further study of ecological and vegetation in Hengduan Mountains.
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