With rapeseed production in Henyang City, Hunan Province as example, the evaluation index system for agriculture sustainable development level was established, including nature environment, technique scale and social economy 3 first-grade indicators and 12 second-grade indicators. The analytic hierarchy process was applied to definite the weight of each first level sub-system and second level sub-system, quantitative e-valuation was taken for the rape industry comprehensive development index in Hengyang and the level of sustainable development of each sub-system. The result showed that from 2007 to 2011, the level of sustainable development of rape industry was increasing gradually ,of which the pulling effect of technology scale sub-system was the most obvious. The main problem was that the level of sustainable development was in a weak sustainable development stage especially the social economy sub-system had low sustainability,which restricted the further optimization and upgrading of rape industry in Hengyang region.%以湖南省衡阳市油菜生产为例,建立了包括自然环境、技术规模和社会经济3个一级指标和12个二级指标农业可持续发展水平的评价指标体系,运用层次分析法确定各一级子系统和二级指标项目的权重,对衡阳市油菜生产综合发展指数和各子系统可持续发展水平进行定量评价.结果表明,2007～ 2011年,衡阳市油菜生产可持续发展水平处于逐渐上升的状态,其中,技术规模子系统拉动作用最明显,但是社会经济子系统持续发展能力较低,制约了衡阳油菜生产的进一步优化升级.
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