不同土壤类型对烤烟化学成分及其协调性的影响

摘要

Objective] To study the effects of five different soil types on contents of chemical compositions and their coordination in flue-cured tobacco leaves, to improve the quality of tobacco leaves which grew in five different soil types.[Method]With Yunyan 87 as the research ma-terial, it was cultivated in five types of red soil, yellow soil, purple soil, sandy soil and paddy soil in Nange Village of Huili County in Sichuan Province.Effects of five different soil types on contents of chemical compositions were researched, as well as their coordination in flue-cured tobacco leaves.[ Result] The effects of five different soil types on the contents of chemical compositions and their coordination of flue-cured to-bacco leaves were different, the flue-cured tobacco leaves which grew in sandy soil or purple soil were rich in potassium but which grew in pad-dy soil, red soil and yellow soil were lack of potassium, which all reached the standard of high-quality tobacco.The flue-cured tobacco leaves which grew in sandy soil and purple soil were short of nicotine and total N, also were close to the standard of quality tobacco.The nicotine and total N in flue-cured tobacco leaves which grew in red soil and paddy soil were higher, which completely reached the standard of quality tobac-co.The content of Cl in flue-cured tobacco leaves which grew in all five types of soil conformed to the standard of quality tobacco, which showed that the content of Cl in flue-cured tobacco leaves which grew in red soil, paddy soil and sandy soil was higher, the content of Cl in flue-cured tobacco leaves which grew in yellow soil and purple soil was lower.The contents of total sugar and reducing sugar in flue-cured to-bacco leaves which grew in five kinds of soil types were a little higher than the standard of quality tobacco.The flue-cured tobacco leaves which grew in sandy soil had the highest total sugar content, which grew in red soil had the lowest total sugar content.Tobacco leaves in paddy soil had the highest reducing sugar content, and had the lowest reducing sugar content in sandy soil, but they were all close to the standard of quality tobacco.The coordination of chemical components in flue-cured tobacco leaves which grew in different soil types completely reached standard of quality tobacco.Sugar-nicotine ratio, nitrogen-nicotine ratio and potassium-chloride ratio all conformed to the standard of quality tobacco.Flue-cured tobacco leaves in paddy soil had the highest sugar-nicotine ratio, while sugar-nicotine ratio was the lowest in yellow soil had.The flue-cured tobacco leaves in paddy soil had the highest nitrogen-nicotine ratio, while that in purple soil was the lowest.Flue-cured tobacco leaves in sandy soil had the highest potassium-chloride ratio, but that in red soil was the lowest.The difference between total sugar and reducing sugar basically reached the standard of quality tobacco.[ Conclusion] This research provides references for the quality improvement of the tobacco leaves in different soil types.%[目的]研究不同土壤类型对烤烟主要化学成分及其协调性的影响，提升不同土壤类型上烟叶的品质。[方法]以云烟87为材料，在四川省会理县南阁乡选取5种不同土壤类型（红壤土、黄壤土、紫壤土、沙质土和水稻土）进行烤烟大田栽培，研究不同土壤类型对烤烟主要化学成分及其协调性的影响。[结果]不同土壤类型上烤后烟叶化学成分存在差异，沙质土和紫壤土上烤后烟叶钾含量较高，水稻土、红壤土和黄壤土上烤后烟叶的钾含量较低，符合优质烟叶质量指标；沙质土和紫壤土上烤后烟叶烟碱和总氮含量均较低，与优质烟叶的质量标准相差不大；红壤土和水稻土上烤后烟草烟碱和总氮含量较高，且符合优质烟叶的质量标准；5种土壤类型上烤后烟叶的氯含量均符合优质烟叶的质量标准；烤后烟叶的总糖和还原糖含量均较高，沙质土上烤后烟叶的总糖含量最高，红壤土上烤后烟叶的总糖含量最低，水稻土上烤后烟叶的还原糖含量最高，沙质土上烤后烟叶的还原糖含量最低，较接近优质烟叶的质量标准。烤后烟叶化学成分协调性较好，烤后烟叶的糖碱比、氮碱比和钾氯比完全符合优质烟叶的质量标准，水稻土上烤后烟叶的糖碱比最高，黄壤土上烤后烟叶的糖碱比最低，水稻土上烤后烟叶的氮碱比最高，紫壤土上烤后烟叶的氮碱比最低，沙质土上烤后烟叶的钾氯比最高，红壤土上烤后烟叶的钾氯比最低；两糖差基本符合优质烟叶的质量标准。[结论]该研究可为不同土壤类型上烟叶品质的提升提供依据。