不同覆盖措施对土壤性质及辣木产量的影响

摘要

[目的]研究覆盖措施对土壤性质及辣木产量的影响.[方法]于2016—2017年在云南省瑞丽市郊开展不同覆盖措施(黑色地膜覆盖T1、白色地膜覆盖T2、稻草覆盖T3、清耕CK)对土壤性质及辣木产量的影响试验.[结果]不同覆盖措施的整体保墒作用依次为T1、T2、T3、CK,在旱季地膜覆盖措施表现出优异的保墒作用,在雨季地膜覆盖措施下土壤水分含量低于稻草覆盖和清耕.白色地膜增温效应最显著,20 cm与40 cm处土壤温度均高于其他覆盖措施;黑色地膜增温效果具有显著的季节性,并且随土层厚度不同增温效应不同.覆盖措施提高土壤中全氮、碱解氮、全磷、有效磷及速效钾含量,并且白色地膜覆盖与CK差异显著;覆盖措施促进有机肥分解,有机质被吸收利用较快.不同覆盖措施下辣木鲜叶产量由高到低依次为T2、T1、T3、CK.[结论]在德宏地区辣木种植中,白色地膜覆盖具有较高的推广利用价值.%[Objective]To study the effects of different coverage measures on soil properties and the yeild of Moringa oleifera.[Method]We car-ried out the test of different coverage measures(black film mulching T1,white film mulching T2,straw mulching T3,control CK)on soil properties and the yeild of M.oleifera in Ruili suburb,Yunnan Province from 2016 to 2017.[Result]The overall preservation effect order of soil moisture un-der different coverage measures was T1,T2,T3,CK.In the dry season,plastic mulching played an important role in water conservation while it's effect was lower than that of straw mulching and plowing in the rainy season.The white film's warming effect was the most significant of all.The soil temperature between 20 cm and 40 cm were higher than that with other coverage measures.The effect of black film mulching had significant seasonal variation and the warming effect varies with the soil thickness.Coverage measures can improve the contents of total nitrogen,alkali nitro-gen,total phosphorus,available phosphorus and available potassium in soil.And there was a significant difference between white plastic film mulc-hing and other contrast tests.Coverage measures can promote the decomposition of organic fertilizer and the organic matter will be absorbed and used more quickly.The yield order of M.oleifera leaves under different coverages was T2,T1,T3,CK.[Conclusion]The white plastic film mulching has a very high value of promoting and using in the wide scale cultivation of M.oleifera.