体态律动：有结构的即兴教学对儿童音乐创造力的培养

摘要

音乐创造力是音乐教育的重要议题。然而目前中国的儿童音乐创造力培养状况不容乐观，教学中尚缺乏对创造力培养的关注与有效方法。一方面是传统接受主义的教学观根深蒂固，学生的个性与创造力受到传统教学模式的束缚；一方面是高等院校的音乐教育方式以讲授式为主，过于单一，音乐教师自身缺乏创造性。采用行动研究的方法，通过研究者对自己设计实施的体态律动教学的课堂观察，可以发现体态律动教学对培养儿童音乐创造力的积极影响，而结合已有的学习科学研究成果与体态律动教学法的特征，能够阐释有结构的即兴教学利于创造力培养的理论。最后从适应儿童音乐创造力发展需求的视角，对音乐教师教育提出若干改革建议。%Music creativity is an important subject of music education, but at present, the cultivation of children′s music creativity in China gives no cause for optimism, and there is still a lack of attention and effective way to cultivate creativity in teaching.One is the ingrained traditional teaching theory which shackles the personality and creativity of students.On the one hand, the predominant mode of music teaching in colleges and universities is lecturing which is monotonous;there is no creativity in the teachers themselves.By using the method of action research and observation of Eurhythmics teaching designed and implemented by researchers themselves in the classroom, we can find the positive effect of Eurhythmics teach-ing on cultivating children′s musical creativity, and combined with the existing research findings of learning science and the characteristics of the teaching methods of body rhythm, explain the teaching structure for impromptu creativity theory. Finally, from the perspective of adapting to the needs of the development of children′s musical creativity, some suggestions on the reform of music teachers′education are proposed.