High and low double-yolk egg laying Gaoyou ducks were used as the experiment material to explore the differences of ovary structure, reproductive hormones and related genes expression from the morpholo-gy, biochemical indicators and molecular level. Total 12 Gaoyou ducks were chosen from high and low double-yolk egg laying groups, and venous blood was collected to de-termine the amounts of hormones. Real time PCR (qRT-PCR) method was used to detect the related genes expres-sion in hypothalamus,hypophysis,liver and ovary tissues. Ovary tissues slices were made with HE staining and FSHR immunohistochemical staining to observe the morphological structure. The results showed that there were significant differ-ences in ovary structure between high and low double-yolk egg laying ducks,high laying Gaoyou ducks had more developed follicles,and the granulosa cells arranged much closely than low laying Gaoyou ducks.The expression levels of follicle-stim-ulating hormone (FSH),estradiol(E2) and progesterone(P) were all higher in high laying ducks than those in low laying ducks (P<0.01). qRT-PCR results showed that the expression of FSHR, ERβand GnRHR in hypothalamus, hypophysis and liver of high laying ducks were significantly higher than those of low-laying ducks(P<0.01),but these genes' expres-sion had no significant difference in ovary between low and high laying ducks. In conclusion, the ovary structures of high and low double-yolk egg laying ducks have significant differences,the comprehensive regulation of hypothalamus,hypophy-sis and liver can affect double-yolk egg laying performance of Gaoyou duck.%为从组织学、生化指标及分子水平研究双黄蛋高、低产高邮鸭卵巢结构、生殖激素和繁殖关键基因的差异性,选择双黄蛋高、低产高邮鸭各6只,测定静脉血中相关激素含量,采用qRT-PCR技术检测下丘脑、垂体、肝脏以及卵巢组织中相关基因的表达,并对卵巢组织切片进行HE染色和FSHR免疫组化染色,观察卵巢形态结构.结果表明,高邮鸭双黄蛋高、低产组卵巢形态结构有显著差异,高产组卵巢卵泡发育良好,内外膜分界明显,颗粒细胞排列紧密;低产组卵巢卵泡发育不良,颗粒细胞松散.高产组血清中促卵泡素(FSH)、雌二醇(E2)和孕酮(P)水平显著高于低产组(P<0.01).qRT-PCR 结果显示,高、低产高邮鸭下丘脑、垂体及肝脏中生殖激素受体基因FSHR、ERβ和GnRHR的mRNA表达存在极显著性差异(P<0.01),而在卵巢中差异不显著.可见,双黄蛋高、低产高邮鸭的卵巢结构存在显著差异,下丘脑、垂体以及肝脏是调控高邮鸭双黄蛋产蛋性能的重要因素.
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