Objective To prospectively observe the effect of care seniority of new nurses in mental health,and explore protective measures to mental health of nurses.Methods SCL-90 symptoms checklist was used to assess mental health status of 180 new employed nurses at first,after 3 years of follow-up monitoring and then after 2 months of psychological behavior intervention,the scores were compared with the national norm.Results There were no statistically significant differences in SCL-90 test each factor score between new nurses and national norm (P ＞ 0.05); after 3 years,SCL-90 test each factor score except for interpersonal relationship and paranoid in nurses were higher than those in national norm,with statistically significant differences (P ＜ 0.01); after treatment,SCL-90 test each factor score except for interpersonal relationship and paranoid significantly improved (P ＜ 0.01).Most of the nurses had unhealthy psychological status in different degree,hypomnesis accounted for 77.38％.Conclusion It is an effective method to prevent nurses' mental health disorders to establish psychological files and supervision mechanism,strengthen the cultivation of their psychological quality and improve their own value.%目的 前瞻性观察护理工龄对新参加工作护理人员心理健康水平的影响情况,分析其影响因素,探讨对护士心理健康障碍的防护措施.方法 (1)对180例新上岗护士用SCL-90症状自评量表进行评定,将SCL-90结果的各因子分数与国内常模比较.(2)随访监测3年后再次进行SCL-90测试,测试结果与国内常模比较,观察经过3年护理工作后新参加工作的护理人员心理健康水平.(3)对全部对象进行心理、行为干预,两个月后再对进行SCL-90测试,对比干预前后的检查结果.结果 新上岗护士的SCL-90测试各因子分数与常模比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),上岗3年后护士的SCL-90测试各因子分数除人际关系和偏执外,均高于常模,其差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),排在前几位的是强迫、抑郁、敌意、焦虑等;干预治疗后SCL-90症状自评量表各因子均分除人际关系和偏执外,均明显好转(P＜ 0.01);大部分护士存在程度不等的不健康的心理状况,其中记忆力减退、容易遗忘最明显,占77.38％.结论 影响新上岗护士心理健康的重要因素包括:周围环境的变化、社会角色的转换、个体对环境变化的适应性及心理承受力、对护理工作的良好期望与现实的差距、医院管理层对护士群体的重视程度.加强人性化管理,合理安排工作岗位,创造和谐的工作氛围;建立护士心理档案和督导机构,加强自身心理素质的培养;提高护士的自身价值等干预措施是预防护士心理健康障碍的有效方法.
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