Background: To observe the effect of azithromycin on the function of dendritic cells (DCs) originated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in children with bronchial asthma so as to explore the action mechanism of azithromycin in immunoregulation. Methods: Totally 32 children with bronchial asthma were selected as observation group, and 30 healthy children through physical examination as control group. Under sterile condition, PBMCs were prepared using density gradient centrifugation, and DCs were induced by recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) and recombinant human interleukin-4 (rhIL-4)in vitro. Observation group was intervened by different concentrations of azithromycin (0.0, 0.1 and 10.0 mg/L), while control group didn't receive any intervention. The expression rates of CD80, CD83 and CD86 on the surface of DCs were detected using lfow cytometry, and the levels of IL-10 and IL-12 in the cultured supernate were measured by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The expression rate of CD86 was signiifcantly higher, whereas the levels of IL-10 and IL-12 were markedly lower in observation group than in control group, and the differences were statistically signiifcant (P0.05). Signiifcant difference was not shown by comparison to the expression rates of CD83, CD80 and CD86 on the surface of DCs intervened by azithromycin at 0.0, 0.1 and 10.0 mg/L (P>0.05). The levels of IL-10 at 0.1 and 10.0 mg/L were dramatically lower than that at 0.0 mg/L (P<0.01), and the level of IL-12 at 0.1 mg/L was notably lower than those at 0.0 and 10.0 mg/L (P<0.01). Conclusion: DCs in children with bronchial asthma are imperfect, and are mainly marked by increase of CD86 expression and decrease of IL-10 and IL-12. Azithromycin does not impact the expression of CD80, CD86 and CD83 on the surface of DCs obviously, but can inhibit IL-10 and IL-12 secreted by DCs in children with bronchial asthma.
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