With the wide application of CT in clinic and the increase of the number of patients, the X-ray radiation caused by CT is concerned widely. Radiation carcinogenesis has been acknowledged, especially in children, because the organs have not well developed, which are sensitive to X-ray, the corresponding X-ray carcinogenic risk increases significantly. For the lung tissue has a large amount of air and the tissue structure has excellent contrast, the chest low dose CT scan can be widely used. The thorax has differences in anatomical and physiological characteristics between adults and children. We summarized the current low dose CT scanning technique and iterative reconstruction technique in children's chest CT scan, and made a brief review on the effect of reducing the dose of X-ray radiation.%随着CT在临床上的广泛应用及病人检查次数的增加,CT检查所致的X线辐射引起人们的广泛关注.辐射致癌已得到公认,特别对于儿童,由于其器官尚未发育完善,对X线较敏感,其相应的X线致癌风险大幅提高,因此降低儿童检查的辐射剂量非常重要.由于肺组织含气量较多,组织结构具有优良对比,使得胸部低剂量CT扫描得以广泛应用.儿童与成人的胸部解剖生理特点不同,就目前各种低剂量CT扫描技术和迭代重建技术在儿童胸部CT扫描中的应用,及其降低X线辐射剂量的效果予以综述.
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