专利权用尽的售后限制研究--以专利权保留规则的构建为视角

摘要

The exhaustion of patent right is an important limitation to the exclusive right of the patent right. The mainly dispute of legal effect of after-sales restriction of exhaustion of patent right is whether restrictive conditions attached to the sale of patented products can impede exhaustion of the patent right. Accordingly, there are two kinds of different modes:absolute exhaustion and relative exhaustion of patent right. Drawn on the title retention system in the contract law, we can establish the rules of patent right retention under the framework of patent exhaustion. Based on the theory of after-sales restriction of the exhaustion of the patent right, the inherent limitation theory excludes the rule of patent right retention, while the implied license include this rule, which is more in conformity with party autonomy. According to the different forms and contents of the restrictions, the after-sales restriction of exhaustion of patent right and the retention of the patent right has different performance. In order to strengthen the protection of the patent owner, the effect of after-sales restriction of exhaustion of patent right should be admitted in the patent law, and violation of the restrictions will constitute concurrence of liability for patent infringement and liability for breach of contract.%专利权用尽原则是对专利权排他性的一种重要限制。专利权用尽售后限制的法律效果争议主要表现为，专利产品销售时所附限制性条件能否阻却专利权用尽，对由此存在专利权的绝对用尽和相对用尽两种不同模式，应当借鉴合同法上的所有权保留制度，建立专利用尽框架下的“专利权保留”规则。基于专利权用尽售后限制的理论，内在限制论排除了“专利权保留”，而默示许可论则允许，并更为符合专利权用尽中的当事人意思自治。根据限制形式和内容的不同，专利权用尽的售后限制和专利权的保留具有不同的表现。应当承认专利权用尽售后限制在专利法上的效力，违背该限制条件将构成专利侵权与违约责任的竞合，从而强化对专利权人的保护。