Efficacy of chlorfenapyr against adult Tribofium castaneum exposed on concrete: effects of exposure interval, concentration and the presence of a food source after exposure

摘要

Chlorfenapyr, an insecticidal pyrrole, was applied to concrete arenas at concentrations of 1.1, 0.825, 0.55, and 0.275 g of active ingredient [AI]/m2. Adult Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), the red flour beetle, were exposed for 2, 4, or 8 h at each concentration, then removed and held either with or without food (wheat flour) for 7 days. Survival was assessed when the beetles were removed from the exposure arenas and daily during the post-exposure period. In the presence of food, survival was high regardless of concentration and the day on which post-treatment survival was assessed, but survival did decrease as the exposure period increased from 4 to 8 h. When the beetles were not given food after exposure, survival at each concentration and exposure period declined during the 1-week post-exposure assessments. This pattern of decrease could be described by linear and non-linear equations. Results show the presence of food material greatly compromised effectiveness of the insecticide, and emphasize the importance of cleaning and sanitation in conjunction with insecticide treatments.