综合毒性指标在水污染物排放标准中的应用探讨

摘要

The basic technical contents and the concrete application situations of the comprehensive toxicity approach used for improving water environment quality in the determination of water pollutant discharge limited value in the United States are introduced systematically. Then,the concept,emission limits,testing methods,etc. of the comprehensive toxicity indexes used in water pollutant discharge standards in Germany are studied and analyzed. Based on this,combining with the practical application in China,some suggestions on the development of the comprehensive toxicity indexes used in the water pollutant discharge standards are put forward ,including determining the representation mode of comprehensive toxicity ,speeding up the establishment of wastewater comprehensive toxicity testing method standard systems ,and developing the monitoring research on the comprehensive toxicity of industrial wastewater and domestic sewage ,so as to promote the optimization and improvement of the water pollutants discharge standard systems in China.%较系统地介绍了美国水污染物排放限值确定方法中基于水环境质量的综合毒性法的基本技术内容和具体应用情况，同时对德国水污染物排放标准中综合毒性指标的概念、现有排放限值、测试方法等进行了研究分析。在此基础上，结合我国应用实践，提出了我国水污染物排放标准中综合毒性指标的发展建议，包括明确废水综合毒性的表征方式，加快废水综合毒性试验方法标准体系的建立，以及开展工业和生活废水综合毒性的监测研究等，以促进我国水污染物排放标准体系的优化完善。