热力学基本公式应用条件的分析

摘要

热力学基本公式是热力学的核心内容，在物理化学的热力学教学中占居重要的地位。尽管热力学基本公式的形式简洁，但是它的应用条件抽象难懂，学生普遍感到难以掌握和应用。本文首先从热力学基本公式的推导过程理解它的应用条件；然后根据不可逆过程、可逆相变和化学平衡的特点，分析热力学基本公式应用于不可逆过程、可逆相变和化学平衡的原因。%Thermodynamic general relations are core content of thermodynamics and dominate thermodynamics teaching in physical chemistry. Although the form of thermodynamic general relations is concise, its applied conditions are abstract and hard to understand, and bring about the students nervous inmastering thermodynamic general relations. The applied conditions of thermodynamic general relations were comprehended by its deducing process, and the reasons for application of thermodynamic general relations to irreversible procedure, reversible phase transformation and chemical equilibrium were analysed according to their features.