新星纳米材料--石墨烯

摘要

Because of the unique optical, electrical, mechanical and thermal properties, carbon nanomaterials have attracted much attention in the field of chemical and materials researchers. Geim and coworkers first reported graphene sheets prepared by mechanical exfoliation ( repeated peeling ) of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite. Graphene is a two-dimensional sheet of sp2 bonded carbon atom, such two-dimensional carbon sheets possess unique properties, namely high specific surface area, ballistic conductivity, high elasticity, very high mechanical strength and rapid heterogeneous electron transfer. The thickness of graphene is only 0. 35 nm, and it was known as the thinnest material in universe. The research progress of the preparation of graphene and functionalized graphene, and the application of graphene were described. The applications of graphene in related areas were also prospected.%碳纳米材料因其具有独特的光学、电学、力学和热学特性而备受化学及材料领域研究人员的广泛关注； Geim等采用机械切割的方法得到石墨烯,并发现石墨烯是一种由平面的单层碳原子排列形成的二维纳米片层结构,其厚度仅为0.35 nm,被誉为全宇宙最薄的材料。由于其比表面积大,机械强度高,化学稳定性好,非凡的电子输运特性及电催化活性,石墨烯成为科学界关注和研究的热点。本文阐述了石墨烯的制备,介绍了石墨烯的应用,最后对石墨烯在相关领域的发展作了展望。