自从2004年单层石墨烯被制取以来,由于其卓越的传感性能,如特殊的电学属性(极高的载体迁移率和电容)、电化学性质(极快的电子传递速率)、结构特点(单原子厚度和极大的比表面积)、机械性能(超强的强度和柔韧性),已在制备新颖的电化学传感器方面显示出巨大的潜力.为了提高石墨烯的敏感性、特异性、负载能力、生物相容性等,科学工作者们采取多种方式制备石墨烯复合纳米材料,从而大大拓展了石墨烯的应用范围.%Ever since the first isolation of free-standing graphene sheets in 2004,graphene has already demonstrated great potentials in various novel sensors because of its pluripotent sensing capabilities, such as exceptional electrical properties (e.g.,extremely high carrier mobility and capacity),electrochemical properties(e.g.,high electron transfer rate),structural properties (e.g.,one-atom thickness and extremely high surface-to-volume ratio) and its mechanical properties (e.g., outstanding robustness and flexibility). In order to enhance its sensitivity, specificity, loading capacity,biocompatibility,etc,a variety of ways to prepare graphene composite nanomaterials were adopted, which had greatly expanded the application of graphene.
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