“黄优1号”条斑紫菜新品系遗传背景和营养成分分析

摘要

Objective]New and high qualified Pyropia strains were screened to enrich the Pyropia strains resources in north China and provide fundamental data for their successful cultivation.[Methods]New strain of “Huangyou No.1”was obained by selective breeding of the wild germplasm from the farming ropes of Tuoji Island and cultivated in Nantong,Rizhao,and Tuoji Island,respectively.The genetic background (based on rbcL and COⅠ genes)and nutri-ent components (phycobiliprotein,chlorophyll a,carotenoid and soluble protein)were analyzed in “Huangyou No.1”from different farming areas together with its parent,the control stain of Pyropia yezoensis in Rizhao,the wild Pyropia from the shore of Tuoji Island and its cultivated offsprings.[Results]Based on the sequence of rbcL gene (about 1 200 bp),there were about 1.1% variation occurring in the population of the wild Pyropia growing on farming rope,com-pared to the other populations.All the other 6 populations had completely same rbcL gene se-quence.According to genetic diversity analysis ofCOⅠgene sequence (about 680 bp),only two cultivars(“Huangyou No.1”and Breeding 2)of Nantong had 2 bp difference,and the others were completely consistent.The nutrient content of“Huangyou No.1”cultivated in Rizhao was generally higher than the other cultivars and their wild germplasm,and the quality of seaweed cultivated in the Nantong was the lowest.[Conclusion]Based on the rbcL and COⅠ gene se-quence,most of the wild Pyropia on Tuoji Island were Pyropia yezoensis,and the nutrient compositions of the“Huangyou No.1”cultivated in different areas were superior to that of its wild parents.The results show that“Huangyou No.1”is more applicable for cultivation in the sea area of Rizhao.%【目的】丰富我国北方紫菜（Pyropia）栽培种质，培育优良新品系。【方法】以山东长岛县砣矶岛野生紫菜作为亲本，经过选育，分别采集在南通、日照和砣矶岛海区栽培的“黄优1号”紫菜成体进行遗传背景（rbcL和细胞色素C氧化酶Ⅰ亚基（Cycochrome oxidase subunit Ⅰ，CO Ⅰ）基因）和营养成分（藻胆蛋白、叶绿素 a Chl a、类胡萝卜素Car和可溶性蛋白TSPs）分析。【结果】依据rbcL基因序列（约1200 bp）进行遗传多样性分析，仅砣矶岛养殖绳上全沉水生长的野生紫菜群体与其他品系（群体）具有1．1％的遗传差异，而其栽培群体（“黄优1号”）的rbcL基因序列与对照条斑紫菜品系完全一致；依据CO Ⅰ基因序列（约680 bp），仅南通的两栽培品系（“黄优1号”和培育品系2）具有2 bp差异，其他品系（群体）的CO Ⅰ基因序列与对照条斑紫菜完全一致。日照海区栽培的“黄优1号”紫菜其营养物质含量比其他海区栽培的“黄优1号”紫菜、野生亲本以及培育品系2高；南通海区栽培的“黄优1号”条斑紫菜品质一般，大部分营养物质含量均低于日照栽培藻体。【结论】由rbcL 和CO Ⅰ基因序列推断砣矶岛岸边和养殖绳上的野生紫菜大部分为条斑紫菜，选育品系“黄优1号”为条斑紫菜；在不同海区进行栽培的“黄优1号”条斑紫菜营养成分均优于其野生亲本；初步研究结果表明该品系更适于在日照海区栽培。