美国公立研究机构管理及改革动向--以国立卫生研究院为例

摘要

US public research institutions play an unique and important role in its R&D system. National Institutes of Health (NIH) is one iconic agency in US public research institutions. This paper studies the historical factors that have formed its administration mode by reviewing its history, analyzes its budgeting, assessment and personnel management. The challenge and problems that NIH face and reforming proposal are investigated as well. Finally, some suggestions to China public research institution reforming are raised.%美国公立研究机构在研发体系中地位特殊、作用重大，国立卫生研究院（NIH）是其中最具代表性的机构之一。本文通过回顾国立卫生研究院的发展历程，探讨了其当前管理模式形成的历史原因，同时深入分析了国立卫生研究院院内研究的预算、评估和人员管理制度，研究了国立卫生研究院当前面临的问题和挑战，分析了最新改革方案。最后结合国立卫生研究院的经验针对中国公立研究机构改革提出了政策建议。