东营油气开采区土壤环境污染状况

摘要

Based on a study of soil environment contamination situation of the Dongying oil⁃gas exploitation area, the authors have found some regularities:in soil near the well mouth, Cr, Pb and Zn values are relatively high, which, however, tend to decrease away from the well mouth;Cd values are high at the well mouth, and gradually decrease and become stable in soil on both sides of the well mouth;Cr and Zn values are remarkably affected by the pollution of the falling oil, with the influence range within 1 m;Cu, Ni, Pb and As values do not show obvious change with the depth, and only slightly increase at the depths of 80 cm and 1 m;in soil near most wells, the maximum values of saturated hydrocarbon, aromatics, hydrocarbon and asphalt exist at the well mouths, which is consistent with the phenomenon that the falling oil is likely concentrated at the well mouth; the hydrocarbon content tends to decrease gradually with the elapse of the time, which suggests that the longer the exploitation time, the more serious the hydrocarbon pollution.%通过对东营油气开采污染区土壤环境状况的研究，发现井口附近土壤中Cr、Pb、Zn含量较高，随着离井口距离的加大向两侧有降低的趋势；Cd含量基本上在井口处表现为高值，在井口两侧的土壤中含量降低并趋于稳定；Cr、Zn含量受落油污染的影响较大，影响范围在1 m以内；Cu、Ni、Pb和As的含量随深度变化不大，仅在80 cm或1 m深度处略有增加；多数采油井附近的土壤中，饱和烃、芳烃、非烃和沥青质的含量最大值存在于采油井口处，这与油田开发过程中落油易在井口处富集的现象相吻合；采油井附近土壤中烃类含量有随时间而逐渐减弱的趋势，说明开发时间越长烃类污染越严重。