State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying;
Mapping and Remote Sensing;
Wuhan University;
129 Luoyu Road;
Wuhan 430079;
Hubei;
China;
Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Spatial Smart Sensing and Services;
Shenzhen University;
Shenzhen;
China;
Department of Geography;
University of Tennessee;
Knoxville;
TN 37996;
USA;
pedestrian navigation; people’s need; physical sense; physiological safety; mental satisfaction;