Intelligent Manufacturing Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education Shantou University Shantou 515063 China;
Intelligent Manufacturing Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education Shantou University Shantou 515063 China;
Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering University of Calgary Calgary T2N1N4 Canada;
School of Mechanical Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China;
product design; robust design; design optimization; uncertainties;