中华绒螯蟹一龄性早熟和二龄成熟家系子一代成蟹阶段生长发育育性能的比较研究

摘要

There are two phenomena in Eriocheir sinensis, one year old precocious and two years old normal mature, but it is unclear that the difference in growth and development of the offspring.So, this study construct one year old precocious family(PF) and two years normally mature family(NF) to assess the growth, survival rate, yield, rate of reproductive molting and gonadal development of t the first offspring.The results showed that: (1)In August and October, the female and male average weight of NF (70.45±18.62)g,(95.87±34.44)g, respectively) was higher than the PF (58.93±16.33)g,(95.56±25.26)g,respectively), there was significant difference in carapace length, carapace width in July, August and October (P<0.05), from April to October, the NF was lower than PF in weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR, 1.48±0.45)%/d,(1.65±0.12)%/d.(2)The PF finished reproductive molting earlier than the NF.In August, 85% offspring completed reproductive molting in sexual precocity family, higher than normal family (75%).But there was no significant difference in gonad index (GSI) and hepatopancreas index(HSI).(3) As far as the final culture efficient, the survival rate and final mean yield of NF were 14% and 17% higher than PF, respectively, but there was no significant difference between the two families.In summary, the NF was better than the PF.%中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)存在一龄性早熟和二龄正常成熟两种现象,为了解其后代养殖性能是否存在差异,本研究利用构建的一龄早熟家系和二龄正常成熟家系,评估了其子一代在成蟹养殖阶段的生长、存活率、产量、生殖蜕壳和性腺发育,结果显示:(1)正常家系的子一代在8月和10月的平均体重(70.45±18.62)g,(95.87±34.44)g高于早熟家系的平均体重(58.93±16.33)g,(95.56±25.26)g,甲壳长和甲壳宽在7、8和10月份,正常家系显著高于早熟家系,4-10月二龄正常成熟家系的特定增重率(SGR,(1.48±0.45)%/d)低于一龄早熟((1.65±0.12))%/d;(2)一龄性早熟家系完成生殖蜕壳的时间早于二龄正常家系,一龄性早熟家系在8月份的生殖蜕壳率为85%,高于正常家系(75%),但两者的性腺指数和肝胰腺指数均无显著差异;(3)就最终养殖效果而言,尽管正常成熟家系子代的存活率和平均产量比早熟家系分别高出14%和17%,但两种家系间无显著差异.结果表明,河蟹二龄成熟家系子代在成蟹阶段的生长性能优于一龄早熟家系子代.