赤水河主要经济鱼类重金属含量及风险评价

摘要

Heavy metal concentrations in the muscle and liver of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, Saurogobio dabryi and Silurus meriordinalis from the Maotai and Chishui section of Chishui River were measured in order to clarify the current situation of heavy metal pollutions, and to assess the potential ecological risks and food safety.Concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Fe, Cr, and Mn were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma atom emission spectrometry (ICP-AES).Concentrations of As and Hg were measured by the atomic fluorophotometer.The concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Fe, Cr, and Hg were higher in muscle of S.meriordinalis than that of P.fulvidraco and S.dabryi.The heavy metal concentrations of all three fish species in liver were higher than that in muscle.The heavy metal concentrations in the muscle of all fish species were below the tolerance limit levels established by the ministry of health of China, the concentrations of Pb and Cd in the muscle of S.meriordinalis, however, were above the European Commission's maximum permissible level.The hazard index demonstrated that there was low human health risk of consumption of wild fish from Chishui River.The single factor pollution index assessment of heavy metal showed that the pollution levels of Pb and Cd in fish from Chishui River were much higher than other metals.There was potential risk of heavy metal contamination.%为了解赤水河鱼体重金属富集现状及其潜在的生态风险和食品安全,测定了赤水河茅台江段和赤水江段的黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)、蛇鮈(Saurogobio dabryi)和大口鲇(Silurus meriordinalis)肌肉和肝脏中的重金属含量.分别使用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Fe、Cr和Mn的含量,原子荧光光度法测定As和Hg的含量.结果表明:大口鲇肌肉中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Fe、Cr和Hg的含量高于黄颡鱼和蛇鮈,3种鱼类肝脏中的重金属含量均高于肌肉.所有鱼体肌肉中的重金属含量均低于国家标准,但大口鲇肌肉中Pb和Cd的含量高于欧盟委员会标准.危害指数分析表明:赤水河野生鱼类食用的人体健康风险较小.重金属单因子污染指数的结果表明赤水河鱼体Pb和Cd的污染程度较高,赤水河存在潜在的重金属污染风险.