ISSR was used to study the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of 37 Castanea henryi native varie-ties. 13 ISSR primers were selected from 65 universal primers. The number of bands produced by each primer var-ied from 9 to 16, the average was 12. A total of 156 bands were produced, in which 129 were polymorphic, the percentage of polymorphic loci was 82. 69% , in average 9.9 polymorphic bands produced by each primer,and a rel-atively high level of genetic diversity was revealed by the result. The Observed number of alleles was 1. 826 9, the effective number of alleles was 1. 509 7, Nei' s gene diversity was 0. 292 3, Shannon information index was 0.434 4. 37 cultivars were distinguished by 13 ISSR primers. A dendrogram showed that the genetic relationship was constructed through an unweighted pair group method ( UPGMA) based on the genetic identity and 37 cultivars were clustered into 2 main groups and 7 subgroups.%采用ISSR技术对37个锥栗农家品种进行遗传多样性及亲缘关系分析.从65条通用引物中筛选出13条扩增效果较好的引物进行扩增,每条引物的扩增谱带从9(引物828)～16条(引物821)不等,平均每个引物产生12个ISSR片段,共扩增出156条谱带,其中多态性条带129条,占82.69％,平均每个引物扩增的DNA多态性条带为9.9条.结果表明:锥栗农家品种具有丰富的遗传多样性水平；供试农家品种的观测等位基因数1.826 9,有效等位基因数1.509 7,Nei's基因多样度(He)为0.292 3,Shannon信息指数为0.434 4;13条引物可区分37份农家品种及其优株.根据遗传一致度构建反映品种间亲缘关系的UPGMA聚类图,37个锥栗品种可划分为2大类群7个亚类.
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