集合种群理论及其在野生植物保育中的应用

摘要

[目的]探索集合种群理论研究现状及其在生物多样性保育中的应用.[方法]通过查阅国内外相关资料,对集合种群理论的形成与发展、国内外研究现状、存在的问题及其在生物多样性保育中的应用进行归纳总结.[结果]集合种群概念产生于1970年,主要指占据非连续生境斑块、局域种群间存在个体或繁殖体交流的复合体.集合种群主要包含5种结构类型,不同的结构类型具有不同的动态特征及保护主体.目前,国外集合种群理论已在生态学研究方面形成较完善的体系,但在遗传学与适应性进化研究方面尚处于起步阶段;中国的集合种群研究以文献研究为主,基于数学模型的集合种群动态、生态位、Allee效应等纯理论的研究较多,经验性、实证性研究案例较少.植物集合种群的研究还存在植物种子散播、定居等移殖过程分析难题,制约着植物集合种群研究的发展.将数学方法、相关软件与传统生态学手段结合是解决以上难题的主要途径和方法.集合种群理论能够很好的分析濒危物种的空间分布、局域种群间的基因流强度、散布、定居等种群动态,从而为濒危物种保护策略制订和保护技术开发提供理论依据和数据支持.[结论]今后的研究中,应加强集合种群理论在遗传学方面的研究和濒危物种保育中的应用.%[Objective] The objective is to explore the advances in meta-population theory research and its application in biodiversity conservation.[Method] The formation and development,research status,problems and application in biodiversity conservation of meta-population theory were summarized via literature retrieval.[Result] The concept of meta-population,which means the complex of exchange between individuals or propagules in local population occupying discontinuous patches,was brought in 1970.There are five structure types and different structure type has different dynamic characteristics and protection objects.At present,lots of study on meta-population theory have been done in ecology,but there were few studies in genetics and adaptive evolution.The study on meta-population theory mainly focus on population dynamics,niche and Aliee effect in China,but lack of empirical study.Some obstacles,such as analysis of dispersal and ecesis of seed,limited the development of meta-population theory.The combination of mathematics,related software and traditional ecology method maybe solve these problems.The meta-population theory can analyze the population dynamics of endangered species,such as the spatial distribution,gene flow,dispersal and ecesis,which can provide theory basis and data support for working out protection strategy and exploiting protection technology.[Conclusion] The study of meta-population theory from the aspect of genetics and the application of meta-population theory in endangered species conservation should be strengthened.