Wood non-destructive testing technology, developed since the late 1960s, is used to test wood properties without damage. Until now, the technology has been developed into a large variety of methods. In order to better manipulate all these methods and find out their advantages, it is of necessity to test and evaluate the effect of them in testing wood internal defect. In this paper, stress wave and X-ray testing methods were used to test wood internal decay. Results show that both the methods can detect log internal decay. The decay region can be displayed and the area can be calculated by the image. The accuracy φ of the two methods are both very high. But the two-dimensional CT images tested by stress wave are inferior to that of X- ray testing method in many aspects ： the display of decay area shape by CT images of stress wave is not quite accurate, and the decay level can not be judged. The efficiency is very low to determine the decay area by the image. While the decay area and shape in the image got from X-ray method is quite consistent with actual condition, and the severity of the decay can be judged, with high efficiency in determining the decay area. However, stress wave testing equipment is more light and portable compared with X-ray testing equipment.%木材无损检测技术是在20世纪60年代后逐步兴起的对木材性质进行非破坏性检测的技术，如今该技术已多达几十种，产生了多种多样的木材无损检测方法。为了更好地运用这些方法，找出它们的优缺点，有必要对它们检测木材内部缺陷进行试验和评价。同时使用应力波和X射线两种方法对原木内部腐朽进行检测，结果表明：应力波和X射线二维CT图像都能检测出原木内部腐朽，显示出腐朽的区域，而且能利用图像计算出腐朽区域的面积。两种方法计算出的腐朽区域的面积准确度φ都较高，但是应力波二维CT图像在其他许多方面逊于X射线二维CT图像：应力波二维CT图像对腐朽区域形状的显示不够准确，不能根据图像辨别出腐朽的严重程度，利用图像确定腐朽面积效率很低；X射线二维CT图像对腐朽区域形状的显示与实际较吻合，可以根据图像辨别出腐朽的严重程度，利用图像确定腐朽面积效率高。但是X射线仪器笨重不便携，而应力波检测仪轻快便携。
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