Domestic and foreign researches have shown that the morphological character of sternum has strong connections with sex. The sternum length, gladiolus size, manubrium cubic shape and sternum dimension were often used as indicators of sex, but it is still disputable to identify sex with the index of sternum. Therefore, to establish an equation of differentiating sex is considerable based upon selecting the high credible elements indicated above so as to define a threshold value for identifying sex and achieve higher accuracy. Present data, home and abroad, demonstrates that the accuracy of sex identification with the morphology of sternum is greater than 90 percent. The manual measurement of the sternum length is the main method to acquire relative values, which is time-consuming and laborious, easily affected by operators. New medical imaging technology, for example, the multi-layer spiral computed tomography, is bringing new resort to identify sex through sternum, convenient to handle and operate. More accurate and accessible data will be acquired by 3D reconstruction imaging combined with multiplanar reconstruction, X-ray photographing and CT scanning. This paper summarizes the relevant reference on sternum morphology of different sex, and especially focuses on the forensic data of assistance in the individual identification, hoping to shed light on the study of 3D reconstruction imaging of sternum morphology and improve the innovation of method for individual identification by sternum.%人类胸骨的形态特征与性别具有密切关系，各项研究普遍认为，胸骨具有显著性别差异，其指标有：胸骨总长、胸骨体长、柄宽、柄厚、体宽、体厚、胸骨面积。但指标胸骨柄长、胸骨指数的性别差异仍然存在争议。合理联用性别差异显著的相关指标，建立性别判别方程式，确定相应的临界判别值，判定性别即可获得较高的正确率。现有数据显示，国内外研究胸骨判定性别结果的精度可高达90%以上。目前国内的研究方法主要为通过手工测量长度指标获取测量值，计算有关指数，此类方法对骨骼的处理费时费力且人为因素影响较大。医学影像技术的进步，有望简化处理该过程，使得研究结果更为科学精确，特别是多层螺旋 CT 在法医人类学检查、测量及同一认定中具有实用价值。借鉴国外一些利用 X 线摄影、CT 扫描技术进行有关研究的方法，采用多层面重组结合三维重建图像的测量方法有望获得更为准确的测量数据，为胸骨的性别判定提供1种快捷、准确的新途径。本文对国内外胸骨性别差异的相关研究成果进行了综述，尤其关注了法医学个体识别方面的数据，这些资料为研究胸骨三维重建影像的形态特征奠定了基础，将有力促进胸骨个体识别方法的突破性发展。
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