对蔬菜中农药残留风险评价的模型探究及权重的确定

摘要

以某地区居民日常食用的主要蔬菜为研究对象,4个季度共采集蔬菜样品567份,用quechers方法对样品进行前处理,用气相色谱质谱联用仪(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)对样品中21种农药进行检测,结果表明蔬菜中毒死蜱、三唑磷、百菌清存在农药超标情况.对该地区农药残留进行风险评估,运用风险系数法和三标度(Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP)法分别确定污染物风险程度,并进行比较.结果表明,两种方法结合使用更为有效.运用风险系数法确定风险因子较高的污染物,再用三标度AHP法对这些污染物的最大残留限量作为评价指标构造比较矩阵,从而确定风险权重,基于此构建了风险评估模型,为食品中多元危害物风险评价提供一种方法.%This paper focused on the main vegetables of daily consumption in a region,the total amount of 567 vegetable samples were collected in four quarters.The samples were pretreated with the quechers method,and the GC-MS was used to detect 21 kinds of pesticides in the samples.The results showed that pesticide contents of some samples exceeded the standard,including Chlorpyrifos,Triazophos,and chlorothalonil.In order to risk assessment for pesticide residues in this area, the risk coefficient method and the three-scale AHP were introduced to determine the degree of the risk in those contaminants, and compared with two methods. The results showed that the two methods are more effective in combination.The risk coefficient method is used to determine the high risk factors,and the maximum residue limit of these pollutants is constructed by the three scale AHP method,which can be used as the evaluation index structure comparison matrix to determine the risk weight. Finally, the risk assessment model is constructed based on this. It may provide a new method for evaluating the risk level of multiple hazardous substances in food.