地下水对放射性废物地质处置库的影响

摘要

Radioactive waste disposal repository is a complex system under combined effect of various factors. Among those factors, underground water plays an important part. The effects of water radiolysis and radionuclide migration were emphatically discussed. Specifically, for one thing, as a carrier of nuclide, groundwater could cause radionuclide migration. For another, strong radiation field which was formed by the geological disposal repository could promote the surrounding groundwater radiolysis, accelerating the pace of oxidation engineering barrier. What's more, some constructive suggestions related to Chinese radioactive waste disposal system design was also pointed out.%放射性废物处置库是一个受多种因素耦合作用的复杂系统。在多种因素中，地质环境中的水对废物处置库有着至关重要的作用。着重分析阐述了地下水的辐射分解作用以及水中核素迁移这2方面对地质处置库造成的影响。地下水是将核素带入生物圈的载体，能够引起核素迁移；另一方面，地质处置库所形成的强放射场能促进周围的地下水辐射分解，加速工程屏障氧化侵蚀。指出了我国目前有关放射性废物处置系统的设计方案中应该注意的一些问题以及针对这些问题应该采取的措施。