排污费与可转让排污许可证的比较——基于社会福利和制度实施层面的分析

摘要

排污费和可转让许可证制度是基于市场化环境规制的两种手段，这两种手段从理论上讲均能实现外部成本内部化，但可能在执行过程中带来不同的交易成本，对社会环境福利形成不同的收益。由于在制度设计上要获得厂商的边际收益函数和边际控制成本函数，但这种信息的获得很困难。对边际收益函数和边际控制成本函数的不同估计，造成的社会福利扭曲不同。在制度的实施层面，两种制度设计运作机理的不同，在现实的操作层面也会带来不同的排污结果。%Pollutant discharge fee and transferable license are two means based on market environmental regulation. Theoretically, these two means can turn external costs to internalization, but it may bring about different transaction costs and different social welfare in the process of implement. It is imperative to obtain enterprises＇ marginal profit function and marginal cost control in the design of system, but it is hard to get relevant information. Different estimates on marginal profit function and marginal cost control function result in different social welfare distort. In system＇ s implementation, difference operation mechanism causes different pollution discharge result.