三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐的合成及其阻燃聚丙烯的性能

摘要

Taking deionized water as solvent,melamine phosphate (MP) with high purity,high whiteness and high thermal stability was synthesized by reaction of melamine (ME) and H3PO4. Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) was synthesized through ther-mal polymerization from MP. The best synthesis process of MP is:the ratio of the amount of substance of ME and H3PO4is 1:1.05, the reaction time is 2.0 h,the reaction temperature is 95℃,the ratio of the amount of substance of ME and deionized water is 3:97. The best synthesis process of MPP is:the thermal polymerization temperature is 300℃,the holding time is 4.0 h. The thermal beha-viors and structure were characterized and studied by FTIR,TG and NMR analysis respectively. The results show that MP and MPP are successfully synthesized,the synthesized MP shows high purity and the temperature of 5% thermal lost weight is 306.67℃. For MPP,the the temperature of 5% heat lost weight is 360.33℃,the maximum thermal decomposition temperature is 432.33℃ and the char residual rate at 700℃ is 23.06%,both MP and MPP have better thermal stability than the standard sample. The addition of intu-mescent flame retardant that mixed by MPP and carbon-forming agent (3:7) improved the flame retardancy of PP. When the mass fraction of the intumescent flame retardant is 18%,the flame retardancy of PP can reach V–0 level.%以去离子水作为溶剂,通过酸碱中和使三聚氰胺(ME)和H3PO4反应制备出具有高纯度、高白度和高热稳定性的三聚氰胺磷酸盐(MP),再将MP经高温热聚合得到三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐(MPP),并确定了MP的最佳合成工艺为ME与H3PO4的物质的量之比为1:1.05、反应时间为2.0 h、反应温度为95℃、ME与去离子水的物质的量之比为3:97;MPP的最佳合成工艺条件为:热聚合温度为300℃,保温时间为4.0 h.通过对MP和MPP样品和标样进行FTIR分析、NMR分析和TG分析,结果表明,已成功合成出MP和MPP,合成的MP纯度高,热失重5%时的温度达到306.67℃;MPP 热失重5%时的温度为360.33℃,最大热分解温度为432.33℃,700℃时的残炭率为23.06%,整体上优于作为标样的市场同类产品.通过MPP复配成炭剂(MPP与成炭剂的质量比为3:7)制备膨胀型阻燃剂添加到PP中,当膨胀型阻燃剂质量分数为18%时,可使PP的阻燃性能达到V–0级.