基于全周期能源利用效率的电动汽车节能减排分析

摘要

The variation of fossil energy consumption, curium dioxide and pollutant emissions are calculated after conventional fuel vehicles are replaced with electric vehicles based upon the full-cycle energy efficiency theory. The results show that the primary energy consumption, CO2, CO and HC emissions can be reduced with the substitution of electric vehicles for petrol vehicles, but NO, and SO2 emissions are increased. When diesel vehicles are replaced with electric ones, the emissions of pollutants except SO; will be reduced, but the total emissions of CO; and SO; will he increased. Considering the proportion of coal-fired power generation to the total power generation in China, the target of energy saving and emission reduction cannot be thoroughly realized by the substitution of electrie vehicles for oil-fired vehicles.%为了解决能源安全问题和城市环境污染问题,世界主要国家均提出了电动汽车发展目标.针对电动汽车是否节能减排的问题,以电动汽车与燃油汽车的全周期能源利用效率为基础,分析“以电代油”后化石能源消费量、CO2和污染物排放量的变化.从全周期能源效率的角度,分别计算电动汽车替代汽油汽车和柴油汽车后,能源消费量、CO2等温室气体和其他污染物排放量的变化.计算结果表明:电动汽车替代汽油汽车,一次能源消费量、CO2等温室气体排放量,CO、HC等污染物排放量将下降,有助于实现节能减排目标；但NOx、颗粒物和SO2等污染物排放量将上升.电动汽车替代柴油汽车后,一次能源消费量以及除SO2外的其他污染物排放将下降,有助于实现节约能源,改善城市空气质量;但CO2和SO2排放量将上升.基于我国目前燃煤发电比重,电动汽车替代燃油汽车并不能完全实现节能减排的目的.