基于灰色预测的空冷型PEMFC发电系统实时最优温度无模型自适应控制

摘要

空冷型质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)发电系统的输出性能受工作温度、气体流速、尾气排放间隔等操作参数的影响,其中工作温度是影响输出性能的关键因素.针对空冷型PEMFC发电系统温度控制所具有的非线性、时滞、慢时变等复杂特性,提出基于灰色预测的无模型自适应控制方法实现实时最优温度控制.该方法将灰色预测的结果代替发电系统当前工作温度测量值.实验结果表明:所提方法能够在不同负载条件下实现对发电系统最优温度进行实时跟踪.与增量式PID控制相比,所提方法有效减小了系统的超调,使发电系统输出功率更平稳,有利于发电系统的长期稳定运行,延长电堆的使用寿命.且所提方法仅根据PEMFC输入输出数据在线对控制器进行调整,对PEMFC参数不敏感,可应用于类似空冷型PEMFC发电系统.%The output performance of air-cooling PEMFC(Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell) power genera-tion system is affected by the operating parameters such as operating temperature,gas flow rate,exhaust interval,etc,among which,the operating temperature is the key factor.According to the complex characteristics of temperature control in air-cooling PEMFC power generation system,i.e,nonlinear,time delay,slow time variation,etc,a model free adaptive control method based on grey prediction is proposed for real-time optimal temperature control,which substitutes the results of grey prediction for the current operating temperature measurement of power generation system.Experimental results show that,the proposed method can track the optimal temperature in real-time under different load conditions.Compared with the incremental PID control,the proposed method effectively reduces the overshoot of the system and makes the output power of generation system more stable,which is helpful for long-term stable operation of power generation system and prolongs the service life of electrolysis stack.The proposed method adjusts the controller on line only according to the input and output data of PEMFC,which is insensitive to PEMFC parameters,so the method can be applied to similar air-cooling PEMFC power generation system.