通过研究溢油事故污染区域中典型生物体内TPH（Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons）分布特征，对其进行暴露人体健康风险评估，从而为污染区域的生态系统修复与恢复工作提供指导依据。在研究区域受溢油污染并采取应急处置10个月后，采集了位于4个污染滩涂集中填放区和1个不受污染的对照区内的生物体和沉积物样品，采用紫外分光光度法和荧光分光光度法测得 TPH 含量。结果表明，污染区域中无齿螳臂相手蟹 Chiromantes dehaani）肌肉组织中的 TPH 含量分布范围为2.94~39.63 mg·kg-1，内脏中的TPH含量分布范围为8.62~155.41 mg·kg-1，内脏组织中的TPH含量高于肌肉组织，两者呈显著的相关性（Pearson相关系数r=0.9456）。受潮汐水动力等环境因素的影响，整个研究区域生物体内TPH的累积呈现不连续非均质特征。生物体肌肉和内脏组织中的TPH含量与沉积物中TPH含量具有明显的线性关系（y=283.3 x+100，r2=0.9901；y=60.701 x+100，r2=9038），溢油事故造成的沉积物污染是影响生物体内TPH累积的一个重要因素。同时，采用US EPA人体暴露风险评价方法进行人体健康风险评估，结果显示，污染区域生物体内TPH经口摄入的暴露风险指数ERI均值均大于1，分别为1.13、1.05、2.58、2.73，暴露风险处于不可接受水平。根据人体健康风险的可接受水平计算得出可接受的无齿螳臂相手蟹体内TPH安全值为34.4 mg·kg-1，进一步计算得出污染区域沉积物中TPH的修复目标值为2513 mg·kg-1。%In order to provide guidance for ecosystem restoration in contaminated area, the Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) distribution in typical organism (Chiromantes dehaani) around tidal marshes which were polluted after an oil spill accident was studied, and human exposure assessment approach by US EPA was applied to evaluate the human health risk. The sediments and organisms samples were collected in four contaminated areas and one non-contaminated area after taking emergency disposal, the TPH were measured using ultraviolet spectrophotometry and fluorescence spectrophotometry. The results showed that the content of TPH in Chiromantes dehaani’ visceral tissue, ranging from 8.62 mg·kg-1 to 155.41 mg·kg-1, was significantly higher than that in muscle tissue, ranging from 2.94 mg·kg-1 to 39.63 mg·kg-1. The TPH content in visceral tissue had a significantly positive correlation (Pearson correlation coefficient, r=0.945 6)with the content in muscle tissue. The accumulation of TPH in organisms presented discontinuous and heterogeneous due to the influence of environmental factors such as tidal and hydrodynamic. Meanwhile, the TPH in organisms and sediments have an obvious linear relationship(y=283.3 x+100, r2=0.990 1;y=60.701 x+100, r2=9 038), the TPH in sediments was an important factor for TPH biological accumulation. The human health risk assessment results indicated that exposure risk index values of TPH in Chiromantes dehaani around the pollution area exceeded 1, which were 1.13, 1.05, 2.58, 2.73 respectively, the exposure risk was unacceptable. It suggested that the acceptable level of TPH in Chiromantes dehaani is 34.4 mg·kg-1 according to the human health risk assessment, and the sediment remediation goal should be 2 513 mg·kg-1 according to relationship between TPH content in organism and sediment.
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