Air pollution is a serious environmental problem which has heavily restrained the development of a healthy China.Based on the monitoring data of air quality in 86 major cities in China from 2005 to 2015,this paper explored the spatiotemporal characteristics of air quality in three scales of year,season and month using gravity model combined the methods of spatial autocorrelation,cluster analysis and spatial interpolation.The results show that,(1) It is very obvious that air quality changes with time.The air quality generally became better and better from 2005 to 2015.The seasonal comparison indicates the air quality in summer is the best,and subsequently in spring and in fall.The worst is winter.Monthly data shows a U-shaped variation in a year which indicates the air quality become better in the first half year and then become worse in the second half year.(2) The spatial distribution of air pollution in China presented great heterogeneity and significant regional character.Specifically,the air quality in the north is obviously worse than that in the south,and the air pollution in the east is significantly serious than that in the west.Heavily polluted regions include North China,Northwest China,Shandong and Henan provinces.The air quality of coastal regions in the southeast,Yunnan and Guizhou plateau,Qinghai-Tibet plateau,is in good condition all the year around.Air quality has been significantly improved in other provinces except Hebei,Shandong,Henan and Jiangsu province.Seriously polluted areas have shrunk in size from the entire northern region,central region and northwest to the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.And the distribution pattern of air pollution has changed from concentrated distribution to scattering distribution.(3) The gravity center of air pollution mainly moved towards the northeast in the past 10 years,which discovered that the air pollution in northern and eastern provinces were much serious than that in other parts of the country.And (4) this paper revealed the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of air quality in China,provided a theoretical measures to deal with air pollution,and offered scientific basis for the harmonious development between human and the nature.%空气污染是建设健康中国过程中亟待解决的难题.利用2005-2015年全国86个重点城市空气质量日报数据,综合运用全局自相关法、层次聚类法、空间插值法以及重心迁移模型,从年度、季节和月份3个时间尺度上探讨了近10年来中国空气质量的时空分布特征.结果表明,(1)全国空气质量表现出显著的时间变化规律.从年际变化上看,空气质量逐年好转趋势明显;从季节变化上看,夏季空气质量最好,春秋次之,冬季最差;从月份变化上看,空气质量呈现出显著的先降后升的“U”型变化规律.(2)全国空气质量呈现出显著的空间集聚和分异规律,表现为“北重南轻、东重西轻”的空间格局.其中,京津冀地区、西北地区以及山东、河南属于长期高污染区;以珠三角为核心的南部沿海地区、云贵高原和青藏高原地区属于常年优良区.近10年全国空气质量整体虽得到有效改善,但部分地区(河北、山东、河南和江苏)污染仍在加重,期间污染范围从整个华北地区、中部地区和西北地区向京津冀地区集中,空气污染分布模式从集中连片分布变成零星分布.(3)近10年全国空气质量重心以向东北方向移动为主,表明东部和北部地区部分省份的空气污染程度较全国其他省份严重.(4)研究结果揭示了近10年中国空气质量的时空分异规律,可为寻求污染治理办法提供理论参考.
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