菩萨引路：唐宋时期丧葬仪式中的引魂幡

摘要

A kind of painting showing a bodhisattva guiding the soul of the dead appeared in the late Tang and the Five Dynasties at Dunhuang. In the paintings, the bodhisattva holds a soul-guiding flag to lead the dead to be reborn into heaven. This kind of Buddhist flags is a variation of the Confucian banners influenced by medieval Buddhism. During the Tang and Song dynasties Buddhist pennants and traditional Confucian banners evolved into the unique soul-guiding flags.%晚唐五代敦煌出现引路菩萨接引亡者像，画面上引路菩萨手持引魂幡，具有接引亡魂往生的信仰意义。引路菩萨接引亡者像具有鲜明的宗教意涵，引魂幡无形中包含了神秘的信仰意味。这种带有明显佛教特点的引魂幡，是儒家旌旗制度在中古佛教影响下的一种变体。在唐宋时期，佛幡与儒家传统旌旗在丧葬仪式中的融合和创造，形成了引魂幡。