龟兹石窟寺院中的连通建筑

摘要

This paper analyses the"connective architecture"of the rock monasteries of the ancient kingdom of Ku?a.This term is herein used to describe the structures linking various units,caves,groupings,and districts of a rock monastery;such structures include antechambers,stairways,tunnels,paths and courtyards.Examination of such architecture shows these rock monasteries to be well-planned and fully functional religious settlements, and the presence of such detailed building indicates the way in which the different units of each monastery were physically and symbolically linked.In addition to analyzing the types of construction,this paper also considers the ways in which other theoretical approaches can be applied to build a greater understanding of how rock monasteries functioned.Lastly,building on data collected at sites from the kingdom of Ku?a,this paper considers the applicability of the concept of connective architecture to other Buddhist monasteries.%主要分析了古龟兹国石窟寺院中的"连通建筑".连通建筑指的是石窟寺院中连接单个洞窟、洞窟组合、区段等不同单元的建筑结构,包括前室、阶梯、甬道、小径和广场.针对连通建筑的调查表明:石窟寺院乃是一处经过精心规划且功能完备的宗教聚落,连通建筑的存在使得寺院内不同单元之间实现了实际的或者象征性的连接.除分析尚存的连通建筑的不同类型之外,也试着提供适用的理论分析方法,以此加深对石窟寺院运作机制的理解.最后,基于龟兹石窟寺院中的相关资料,认为连通建筑这一概念可沿用至其他佛教寺院.