现代射线技术与文物保护/考古应用研究

摘要

每一项科学技术的进步与发展都推动了人类对自然界认识的进一步深入,同时也有力地促进了承载着历史的文物的保护和研究.现代射线技术的发展就是最为典型的范例.现代射线技术主要指基于X射线、γ射线、中子等基本粒子与物质的相互作用原理,对物质微观结构进行表征的波谱学技术和成像技术.中国科学院高能物理研究所是我国高能物理与先进射线技术及射线应用的综合性研究基地.主要针对核分析、同步辐射以及计算机断层成像(CT)等特点鲜明的现代射线技术,在对基本原理进行简单描述的基础上,就中国科学院高能物理研究所所在现代射线技术与文物保护及考古研究领域所做的一些工作进行了简单综述.%The developments of science and technology have greatly enlarged our understanding of nature;some have even promoted the conservation and research of naturally based items and sites which are the carriers of history.The development of modern radiographic technology is a clear example, this being a spectroscopy and imaging technology used to create images of material microstructures that is mainly based on the interactions between matter and fundamental particles such as x-ray photons,γ-ray photons,and neutrons.The Institute of High Energy Physics at the Chinese Academy of Sciences(IHEP-CAS)is a comprehensive research base for high energy physics and modern radiographic technology in China.This paper provides introductions to some modern radiographic techniques, such as nuclear analysis, synchrotron radiation, and computed tomography (CT),and reviews some of their applications in heritage conservation and archaeology research as carried out by IHEP-CAS.