Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for High-Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal;
University of Science and Technology Beijing;
Beijing 100083;
China;
School of Civil and Resource Engineering;
University of Science and Technology Beijing;
Beijing 100083;
China;
Discipline of Chemical Engineering;
School of Engineering;
Monash University;
Jalan Lagoon Selatan;
Bandar Sunway;
Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500;
Malaysia;
attached bacteria; bioleaching; forced aeration; free bacteria; low-grade copper sulphide ore;