School of Statistics;
Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics;
Nanchang;
China;
Division of Biostatistics and Data Science;
School of Public Health;
The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston;
Houston;
USA;
Department of Mathematics;
Computer Science;
and Cooperative Engineering;
University of St. Thomas;
Houston;
USA;
China; Taxation; Co-Integration; Models; Energy; Consumption; Granger; Cau-sality; Test; Time; Series; Analysis;