Nusab El Balgum mass complex represents one of peralkaline volcanic activity phenomena in the south Western Desert of Egypt, which is typical for within-plate event, which formed in Mesozoic period. It consists of acidic volcanic (rhyolite and their pyroclastics) and sub-volcanic granitic rocks (incomplete ring, small stock and dyke of a peralkaline aphanites) as well as dykes (trachyte, bostonite, rhyodacite, rhyolite and porphyritic rhyolite) variable in thickness and the most of run in NNE-SSW trend. The peralkaline granitic rocks, especially those located at the southwestern part of this mass are characterized by extreme enrichments in HFSE (rare metals such as Zr, Nb, U and Th and REEs) which are the highest concentrations (e.g., >1% Zr, 0.5% Nb and 2.6% total REEs, Y up to 1%, eU up to 300 ppm and eTh up to 1100 ppm). The rare metal bearing minerals are thorite, uranothorite, autunite, amorphous secondary uranium, zircon and ferrocolumbite, while the REEs bearing minerals are bastnaesite, monazite and xenotime. The positive relations in all of the binary diagrams of Zr versus Nb, Y, eU and eTh, Nb versus Y, eU and eTh, Y versus eU and eTh in post magmatic intensely hematised peralkaline granites indicated that, this process is responsible for the enrichment in these HFSE. The chondrite-normalized pattern of high-altered peralkaline granites indicates: 1) higher LREEs enriched pattern (La/Gd = 11.34 and 12.25) means the alteration processes taking place under open system and these rocks evolved from magma of lithospheric rifting, 2) ΔCe 2O, and thus very low viscosity, despite its low temperature (ments, as indicated by strong negative Eu anomalies;and c) it had abundances of HFSE cations. Redistribution of elements took place by post magmatic hydrothermal solutions.
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