School of Computer&Communication Engineering Changsha University of Science&Technology Changsha 410114 ChinaSchool of Information Engineering Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 China;
School of Information Engineering Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 China;
School of Information Engineering Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 China;
School of Computing Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore 632014 India;
Department of Computer Engineering Chonnam National University Gwangju 61186 Korea;
Particle; swarm; optimization; coverage; control; energy; efficiency; wireless; sensor; networks;